高技术产业集聚对区域阶段创新绩效的影响研究

徐丹^1,2，于渤²

摘要：高技术产业集聚是地区突破发展瓶颈，开辟创新增长赛道的关键支撑，也是赋能区域创新发展的内在动力。立足创新价值链视角，基于组态思维运用模糊集定性比较分析方法（fsQCA），以我国30省份为研究对象，探究在区域创新基础及环境的协同作用下，专业化与多样化高技术产业集聚对区域知识生产、技术研发与成果转化三阶段创新绩效的复杂影响机制与差异化作用路径。研究发现：（1）驱动知识生产与技术研发绩效提升路径包括“多样化高技术产业集聚主导型”“环境支持下要素拉动型”以及“综合驱动型”三类；（2）驱动成果转化绩效提升路径包含“专业化高技术产业集聚主导型”“开放环境下专业化集聚-创新基础协同型”“环境支持下要素拉动型”以及“政府引导下研发人员弥补型”四类；（3）三阶段区域创新驱动路径的差异性在于不同高技术产业集聚类型及研发人员是否发挥核心作用；（4）东部地区与中西部地区各阶段创新绩效提升路径呈现不同特点，体现为核心主导要素的差异化激励效应。本文研究结论有助于打开高技术产业集聚对区域创新过程作用机制的“黑箱”，为我国各地区寻求更适配的阶段化创新路径提供实践参考。

关键词：高技术产业专业化集聚；高技术产业多样化集聚；区域三阶段创新绩效；组态分析

主要研究结论：本文立足创新价值链视角，基于组态思维构建研究框架，采用fs QCA方法探究高技术产业专业化集聚、多样化集聚耦合区域创新基础及环境驱动知识生产、技术研发以及成果转化三阶段区域创新绩效提升的内在联动机制和多元路径，主要结论如下：

（1）知识生产与技术研发驱动路径包含“多样化高技术产业集聚主导型”“环境支持下要素拉动型”以及“综合驱动型”三类。多样化高技术产业集聚主导型意味着多元化高技术产业集群形成地区知识生产与技术研发的内在驱动力，创新基础及环境起到补充作用；环境支持下要素拉动型体现出该类地区知识生产与技术研发对创新资源及环境的高度依赖性；综合驱动型意味着知识生产与技术研发绩效的提升来源于产业集聚、创新基础及环境的协同驱动。

（2）成果转化路径可识别为“专业化高技术产业集聚主导型““开放环境下专业化集聚-创新基础协同型”“环境支持下要素拉动型”以及“政府引导下研发人员弥补型”四类。前两种路径意味着专业化特色高技术产业集群对地区创新成果转化的内在驱动作用；环境支持下要素拉动型体现了创新资源及环境对成果转化的协同强化效应；政府引导下研发人员弥补型体现出成果转化过程中的人力资本贡献和政府撬动效应。

（3）三阶段区域创新的驱动路径存在差异性。高技术产业多样化集聚在创新价值链上游的知识生产与技术研发驱动路径中发挥主导作用，高技术产业专业化集聚则在创新价值链下游的成果转化驱动路径中发挥更为关键的作用；相较于知识生产路径，区域技术研发驱动路径更强调研发人员的核心作用。

（4）区域各阶段创新绩效的提升路径具有区位异质性。不同区位条件下各阶段创新呈现出不同特点。在知识生产阶段，东部地区主要体现为政府主导，中西部地区则主要依赖于高技术产业集聚；在技术研发阶段，东部地区体现出研发人员的核心作用，中西部地区则呈现出高技术产业多样化集聚与研发人员联合主导的特点；在成果转化阶段，东部与中西部地区分别侧重开放式环境构建与资本拉动；此外，高技术产业集聚基础、创新资源与创新环境多种条件的缺乏是掣肘部分中西部地区创新发展的关键。

Research on agglomeration of high-tech industries on the staged innovation performance of regions

Xu Dan^1,2, Yu Bo¹

(1. Business School, University of Jinan, Jinan 250024, Shandong, China;

2. School of Economics and Management, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang, China）

Abstract:High-tech industry agglomeration is the key support for the regions to break through the development bottleneck and establish the growth track of innovation, as well as the inner dynamics to empower regional innovation. Based on the perspective of innovation value chain, this paper took 30 provincial-level regions in China as the research samples, and applied the fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) method to test. We focused on exploring the multiple paths of specialized agglomeration and diversity agglomeration of high-tech industries to improve the performance of knowledge production, technology development and innovation commercialization under the coordination of regional innovation foundation and innovation environment. Furthermore, we deeply discussed the difference and location heterogeneity of these paths. The results found that: (1) The paths driving the improvement of knowledge production performance and technology development performance include the high-tech industry diversity agglomeration-led type, the factor-pulling and environment-supported type and the comprehensively-driven type. (2) The improvement path of regional innovation commercialization performance can be identified as the high-tech industry specialization agglomeration-led type, the specialized agglomeration-innovation founded and environment-supported type, the factor-pulling and environment-supported type and the government-guided and R&D personnel compensated type. (3) Differences in three stages of regional innovation paths lie in the different types of high-tech industry agglomeration and the core role of R&D personnel. (4) The paths of innovation performance improvement at three stages in the eastern areas and the central and western regions showed different characteristics, which are reflected in the differentiated incentive effects of the dominant elements. The findings will help to open the black box of the influence mechanism of high-tech industry agglomeration on the regional innovation process, and provide practical insights for regions to seek for suitable innovation paths.

Key words: specialized agglomeration of high-tech industries; diversified agglomeration of high-tech industries; three-staged innovation performance of regions; configuration analysis

引用本文：徐丹,于渤.高技术产业集聚对区域阶段创新绩效的影响研究[J].科研管理,2024,45(3):113-121.